3. Results: dust-free case   a. Horizontal mean fields
3.a.iv. Net heating of atmosphere and ground Figure 3e shows the diurnal changes of horizontal mean heat budgets of the ground surface and the atmosphere of the dust-free case. In each panel, the amount of net heating is almost equal to that of cooling. Dominant components of the ground surface heat budget are solar radiative heating and outgoing infrared radiative cooling. The amount of sensible heat is quite smaller than the others. Dominant components of the atmospheric heat budget are infrared radiative heating and sensible heating. The total amount of them reaches about 30 Wm-2 during daytime. Figure 3e: Diurnal changes of the horizontal mean heat budgets of the dust-free case. Unit of the vertical axis is Wm-2. (Left panel) Heat budget at the ground surface. Blue line shows net solar radiative flux ((1-A)FSR), red line shows net infrared radiative flux (-FIR,net(0)), green line shows sensible heat flux (-H), and orange line shows the total amount of them. Positive sign indicates heating of the ground surface. (Right panel) Heat budget of the atmosphere. Blue line shows net solar (near infrared) radiative heating (FNIR(∞)- FNIR(0)), red line shows net infrared radiative heating (FIR,net(0)- FIR,net(∞)), green line shows sensible heating (H), purple line shows heating due to turbulent dissipation, and orange line shows the sum of net infrared radiative heating and sensible heating. Positive sign indicates heating of the atmosphere.
A numerical simulation of thermal convection in the Martian lower atmosphere.